Sex determination in plants.

Sex determination is an important developmental event in the life cycle of all sexually reproducing plants. Recent studies of sex determination in many plant species, from ferns to maize, have been fruitful in identifying the diversity of genetic and epigenetic factors that are involved in determining the sex of the flower or individual. In those species amenable to genetic analysis, significant progress has been made toward identifying mutations that affect sex expression. By studying the interactions among these genes, pictures of how sex-determining signals are perceived to activate or repress male- or female-specific genes are emerging.