Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a two-year follow-up.

Twenty-three patients affected by severe, refractory angina were submitted to permanent spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and then followed in our outpatient clinic for 24 months. During the follow-up period, the number of weekly angina episodes drastically dropped from 9.2 (preimplant) to 1.8 in the 3rd, 2.5 in the 6th, 4.5 in the 12th, and 4.2 in the 24th month, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) between the first and last values. A significant increase in the average exercise time from 320 +/- 120 seconds (in baseline condition) to 410 +/- 115 seconds (during SCS) was observed at the treadmill stress test (P < 0.01). SCS was well tolerated by all the patients. However, 7 patients died during follow-up (3 myocardial infarctions, 2 noncardiac deaths, and 2 sudden deaths). Three generators were replaced because of battery depletion after 15, 17, and 21 months. No serious complication was observed. In conclusion, in patients with otherwise intractable angina or already submitted to myocardial revascularization, SCS is very effective in reducing the number of angina episodes. The time of the work during exercise stress test is also significantly prolonged.