Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of medically important fungi.

Some recent advances in study of molecular evolution and taxonomy of human pathogens are discussed. In systemic Onygenales as well as in Chaetothyriales, pathogenic species are phylogenetically intermingled with non-pathogenic taxa. When a teleomorph of Coccidioides immitis is eventually found, it is predicted to resemble Uncinocarpus, a genus otherwise comprising environmental species. In the dermatophytes, Trichophyton and Microsporum are paraphyletic, whereas Epidermophyton is polyphyletic. On the basis of 18S and ITS rDNA sequencing data, Exophiala anamorphs (black yeasts) are confirmed to be closely related to the ascomycete genus Capronia. The related neurotropic species Cladophialophora bantiana is remarkable in consistently having introns in its 18S rDNA gene.