Exudative eosinophilic pleural effusion due to Strongyloides stercoralis in a diabetic man.

A 61-year-old diabetic man had fever and a significant exudative type of eosinophilic pleural effusion. Microscopic examination of stained specimens of bronchial washings revealed filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. This intestinal nematode is endemic in some areas of the world. Pulmonary symptoms are usually mild, though severe pulmonary involvement may be occasionally seen. Although serohemorrhagic pleural effusion has been well reported in the literature, we found no report of such an unusual case of significant exudative eosinophilic pleural effusion due to strongyloidiasis.