Women's responses to battering: a test of the model.

A volunteer community sample of 141 well-educated, economically heterogeneous, primarily African American (80%), urban battered women was used to test a model of women's responses to battering. The model, based on Orem's theory, was developed previously with an independent sample. The major independent variables were physical and nonphysical abuse, and self-care agency. The outcomes were physical and emotional health. Using structural equation modeling techniques, there was sufficient support for the model structure to conclude preliminary support for the overall model. There was both a direct effect of abuse on health, and an indirect effect mediated through self-care agency as a protective factor.