Differences in patterns of TP53 and KRAS2 mutations in a large series of endometrial carcinomas with or without microsatellite instability.

BACKGROUND: The correlation between tumor microsatellite instability (MSI) and the accumulation of mutations in KRAS2 and TP53 is uncertain. The authors evaluated the TP53 and KRAS2 genes for mutations in sporadic endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability (MSI) and matched MSI negative controls to determine whether defective DNA mismatch repair impacts the patterns of mutations in two genes known to be involved in endometrial tumorigenesis.
METHODS: Twenty-five MSI positive endometrial tumors were matched for prognostic factors with 25 MSI negative tumors. Mutations in codon 12 and 13 of KRAS2 were assessed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction assay. Mutations in codon 61 of KRAS2 and exons 5-8 of TP53 were evaluated using PCR amplification and single strand conformation variant (SSCV) analysis. All variants were subjected to direct DNA sequencing.
RESULTS: KRAS2 and TP53 mutations were identified with equal frequency in the MSI positive and MSI negative groups. For TP53, the authors identified 5 mutations (20%) in the MSI positive specimens compared with 8 (32%) in the MSI negative group. For KRAS2, there were identified 8 mutations (32%) in the MSI positive specimens compared with 7 (28%) in the MSI negative tumors. The mutational spectra evident from sequence analysis of TP53 and KRAS2 variants were similar between MSI negative and MSI positive tumors. MSI negative tumors were more likely to have mutations in both KRAS2 and TP53 than MSI positive tumors, which were rarely mutant in both genes (P=0.046).
CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall frequency of mutations in TP53 and KRAS2 is similar, MSI positive tumors are less likely to have mutations in both genes than MSI negative sporadic endometrial carcinomas. MSI positive and MSI negative endometrial carcinomas may arise through distinct genetic pathways.