OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical features of paroxysmal dyskinesias among HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive patients. BACKGROUND: Movement disorders have been associated with HIV infection, although the full spectrum of these disorders remains uncertain. METHODS: Six adult HIV-1-seropositive patients presenting with paroxysmal dyskinesias were identified. Each patient underwent metabolic, CSF, EEG, and neuroimaging studies. RESULTS: Mean age at onset was 34.5 years and five of six patients were AIDS defined. Dyskinesias were focal, multifocal, or hemidystonic in four patients and generalized in another two patients. Two of the six patients had paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias and the remaining four patients had paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias. Choreoathetosis (n = 3), myoclonus (n = 2), postural tremor (n = 5), and dysarthria (n = 3) were observed. Benzodiazepines appeared beneficial in three of six patients. Two patients with HIV-associated dementia and paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia had a progressive course to death. Autopsy of a patient with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias revealed intense astrogliosis and loss of calbindin-positive neurons in the subcortical gray matter. CONCLUSIONS: Paroxysmal dyskinesias may present as a primary HIV-1-induced neurologic syndrome. The occurrence of paroxysmal dyskinesias is associated with neuronal injury and loss in the subcortical gray matter but the mechanism remains unknown.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical features of paroxysmal dyskinesias among HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositivepatients. BACKGROUND:Movement disorders have been associated with HIV infection, although the full spectrum of these disorders remains uncertain. METHODS: Six adult HIV-1-seropositivepatients presenting with paroxysmal dyskinesias were identified. Each patient underwent metabolic, CSF, EEG, and neuroimaging studies. RESULTS: Mean age at onset was 34.5 years and five of six patients were AIDS defined. Dyskinesias were focal, multifocal, or hemidystonic in four patients and generalized in another two patients. Two of the six patients had paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias and the remaining four patients had paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias. Choreoathetosis (n = 3), myoclonus (n = 2), postural tremor (n = 5), and dysarthria (n = 3) were observed. Benzodiazepines appeared beneficial in three of six patients. Two patients with HIV-associated dementia and paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia had a progressive course to death. Autopsy of a patient with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias revealed intense astrogliosis and loss of calbindin-positive neurons in the subcortical gray matter. CONCLUSIONS:Paroxysmal dyskinesias may present as a primary HIV-1-induced neurologic syndrome. The occurrence of paroxysmal dyskinesias is associated with neuronal injury and loss in the subcortical gray matter but the mechanism remains unknown.
Authors: Chloe C Casagrande; Alex I Wiesman; Mikki Schantell; Hallie J Johnson; Sara L Wolfson; Jennifer O'Neill; Craig M Johnson; Pamela E May; Susan Swindells; Daniel L Murman; Tony W Wilson Journal: Brain Commun Date: 2022-06-23
Authors: Hsien-Yang Lee; Yong Huang; Nadine Bruneau; Patrice Roll; Elisha D O Roberson; Mark Hermann; Emily Quinn; James Maas; Robert Edwards; Tetsuo Ashizawa; Betul Baykan; Kailash Bhatia; Susan Bressman; Michiko K Bruno; Ewout R Brunt; Roberto Caraballo; Bernard Echenne; Natalio Fejerman; Steve Frucht; Christina A Gurnett; Edouard Hirsch; Henry Houlden; Joseph Jankovic; Wei-Ling Lee; David R Lynch; Shehla Mohammed; Ulrich Müller; Mark P Nespeca; David Renner; Jacques Rochette; Gabrielle Rudolf; Shinji Saiki; Bing-Wen Soong; Kathryn J Swoboda; Sam Tucker; Nicholas Wood; Michael Hanna; Anne M Bowcock; Pierre Szepetowski; Ying-Hui Fu; Louis J Ptáček Journal: Cell Rep Date: 2011-12-15 Impact factor: 9.423