Obstetric and gynecologic care of women with epilepsy.

Optimal gynecologic and obstetric care for women with epilepsy requires a multidisciplinary approach throughout the various life stages. Epilepsy has important effects on puberty, contraceptive efficacy, pregnancy and fetal development, and menopause. This article discusses these effects and makes recommendations for gynecologic and obstetric care of patients with epilepsy, with particular focus on pregnancy. Despite very real risks to both the developing fetus and the mother, the majority of women with epilepsy--with appropriate pregnancy planning and management--have good pregnancy outcomes.