BACKGROUND: Increased gallstone prevalence and incidence in cirrhosis have already been reported in different series, including a limited number of patients with cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of gallstones and related risk factors in a large series of patients with cirrhosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cross-sectional study involved 1010 patients with cirrhosis related to alcohol abuse, chronic viral infection, or miscellaneous causes (42%, 48%, and 10%, respectively) in Child class A, B, or C (48%, 36%, and 16%, respectively). In the longitudinal study gallstone development was monitored ultrasonographically in 618 patients free of gallstones at enrollment. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of gallstone(s) was 29.5% and increased significantly with age without differences according to sex or cause of cirrhosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only Child classes B and C were significantly related to a higher risk of gallstone (odds ratio, 1.63 for class C vs class A and 1.91 for class B vs class A; P = .001). During a mean+/-SD follow-up of 50 months+/-9 months, 141 (22.8%) of 618 patients developed gallstone(s), with an estimated cumulative probability of 6.5%, 18.6%, 28.2%, and 40.9% at 2, 4, 6, and 8 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that Child class (hazard ratio, 2.8 for class C vs class A and 1.8 for class B vs class A; P = .002 and P = .001, respectively) and high-body mass index (hazard ratio, 1.31; P = .04) carried a significantly greater risk of gallstone formation. CONCLUSION: Cirrhosis per se represents a major risk factor for gallstones whose prevalence and incidence were far higher than those reported in a general population from the same area.
BACKGROUND: Increased gallstone prevalence and incidence in cirrhosis have already been reported in different series, including a limited number of patients with cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of gallstones and related risk factors in a large series of patients with cirrhosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cross-sectional study involved 1010 patients with cirrhosis related to alcohol abuse, chronic viral infection, or miscellaneous causes (42%, 48%, and 10%, respectively) in Child class A, B, or C (48%, 36%, and 16%, respectively). In the longitudinal study gallstone development was monitored ultrasonographically in 618 patients free of gallstones at enrollment. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of gallstone(s) was 29.5% and increased significantly with age without differences according to sex or cause of cirrhosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only Child classes B and C were significantly related to a higher risk of gallstone (odds ratio, 1.63 for class C vs class A and 1.91 for class B vs class A; P = .001). During a mean+/-SD follow-up of 50 months+/-9 months, 141 (22.8%) of 618 patients developed gallstone(s), with an estimated cumulative probability of 6.5%, 18.6%, 28.2%, and 40.9% at 2, 4, 6, and 8 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that Child class (hazard ratio, 2.8 for class C vs class A and 1.8 for class B vs class A; P = .002 and P = .001, respectively) and high-body mass index (hazard ratio, 1.31; P = .04) carried a significantly greater risk of gallstone formation. CONCLUSION:Cirrhosis per se represents a major risk factor for gallstones whose prevalence and incidence were far higher than those reported in a general population from the same area.
Authors: Bryan V Dieffenbach; Nan Li; Arin L Madenci; Andrew J Murphy; Dana Barnea; Todd M Gibson; Emily S Tonorezos; Wendy M Leisenring; Rebecca M Howell; Lisa R Diller; Qi Liu; Eric J Chow; Gregory T Armstrong; Yutaka Yasui; Kevin C Oeffinger; Christopher B Weldon; Brent R Weil Journal: Eur J Cancer Date: 2020-05-15 Impact factor: 9.162
Authors: N Sasahira; M Tada; H Yoshida; R Tateishi; S Shiina; K Hirano; H Isayama; N Toda; Y Komatsu; T Kawabe; M Omata Journal: Gut Date: 2005-05 Impact factor: 23.059