Changes in polysome profiles accompany trypanosome development.

Development of the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma brucei involves regulated changes in parasite structure, biochemistry, and the cell cycle. The transition of slender blood forms into stumpy bloodforms includes cell cycle arrest and a decrease in protein synthesis. The next stage in the development cycle, the procyclic form, shows increased protein synthesis and proliferates. To address the mechanism of the cyclical changes in protein synthesis, we examined two parameters: polyadenylation of mRNA and ribosome loading. We developed a method for analytical polyribosome analysis in T. brucei which provided excellent results with regard to reproducibility, yield of mRNA densely loaded with ribosomes, and separation of mRNA associated with different numbers of polyribosomes. Use of this technique allowed us to determine that the polysome profiles of the different developmental stages are distinctly different, with higher ribosome loading in the proliferating stages. The lengths of the poly(A) tails on the total population of RNA from the different developmental stages showed no significant variation. These data indicate that changes in polysome loading of mRNAs accompany development, and that they do not reflect bulk changes in polyadenylation. We speculate that developmental changes in translation reflect reduced translational initiation.