Regional expressions of Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat cerebral cortex after stress; restraint and intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide.

To demonstrate regional activation in the rat cerebral cortex related to stress-evoked neuroendocrine response, Fos expression in both the cerebral cortex and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was immunohistochemically examined in two experimental groups; a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally injected group for inflammatory stress and a restraint group for emotional stress. The LPS injection (100 microg/100 g b.w.) and restraint (for 30 min) had similar effect on Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) in PVN with regard to the number of immunoreactive nuclei and their distribution pattern, while the times to maximize Fos-LI were different. Numerical analysis of cortical Fos-LI in untreated rats showed a distinct region-specific pattern. Statistical analysis revealed no significant increase in Fos-LI density in any cortical regions in the LPS group, but restraint resulted in a dramatic and region-specific increase. A significant increase was detected in the prefrontal cortex (the cingulate, orbital and agranular insular cortex), the frontal area 2, the agranular retrosplenial cortex, the parietal cortex, and the medial and lateral occipital area 2. These results indicate that cortical activation relevant to specific functions may be involved in stress-specific neural circuitry. Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.