[Selenium status and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants <1,500 g].

Selenium is an essential component of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase that protects tissues against oxidative injury by detoxifying peroxides. In preterm infants the risk for selenium deficiency is increased due to insufficient selenium uptake. Low selenium uptake and as a consequence decreased glutathione peroxidase activity may result in an elevated risk for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the relationship between the selenium status of preterm infants < 1500 g and the incidence of BPD. We determined the selenium plasma levels by means of atomic absorption spectrometry in 34 VLBW infants (mean birth weight 1075 +/- 249 g; mean gestational age 28.6 +/- 2.5 weeks) within the first 5 days of life and later in the age of 4 weeks. The infants received mainly parenteral nutrition and were not specifically supplied with selenium. Postnatally, the selenium plasma level was 34.2 micrograms/l (17.3/50) [median (25/75% quantil)] and dropped after 4 weeks to a median value of 16.1 micrograms/l (5.2/38.4) (p < 0.001). In the infants with BPD (n = 12) the selenium concentration within the first week of life was 45.0 micrograms/l (31.5/55.6) versus 33.2 micrograms/l (20.2/42.4) in the infants without BPD. In the age of 4 weeks of life the median selenium level was not significantly different between the infants with and without BPD - 17.2 micrograms/l (10.3/22.5) versus 14.8 micrograms/l (8.8/22.6).