Inhibition of cell proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with antisense cyclin D1.

Cyclin D1 and cyclin G are essential regulatory factors in the progression of the cell cycle from G0 through G1 and S phase. Aberrations in expression of these cyclins may lead to dysregulated cellular proliferation that could result in neoplasia. Amplification and overexpression of cyclin D1 have been observed in many human cancers, whereas cyclin G is a new cyclin recently described in osteosarcoma cells. This study was performed to determine whether these cyclins were amplified in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors. Polymerase chain reaction of DNA extracted from 22 HNSCC primary tumors and three HNSCC cell lines did not reveal amplification of cyclin D1 in any of the tumor samples. Southern blot analysis identified amplification of cyclin D1 in a single tumor. Amplification of cyclin G was not observed in any of the tumors by Southern blot hybridization with a cyclin G probe. HNSCC cell lines transfected with antisense cyclin D1 were tested for cell proliferation by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into cells grown in serum-free media. By 72 hours of incubation, there was a greater than 30% reduction in proliferation of cells transfected with antisense cyclin D1 as compared with non-transfected control cells. The results indicate that cyclin D1 may play an important role in the growth and proliferation of HNSCC cells.