Constipation: cause and control in an acute hospital setting.

Constipation is not a glamorous subject, but its prevention and management can make a vast difference to patients' quality of life. This literature review identifies causative factors and describes the mode of action, side-effects and contraindications of many remedies currently available. Recommendations include a systematic approach to management in an acute ward setting, based on assessment of risk, maintenance of normal bowel routine and appropriate dietary advice and the use of appropriate pharmaceutical interventions where necessary. To be effective, this process should be underpinned by accurate documentation and the maintenance of a high level of knowledge and awareness among staff.