K M Rose1, B Newman, E J Mayer-Davis, J V Selby. 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27514, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study examines genetic and behavioral determinants of waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference among women twins. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Six hundred eighty participants from the second examination of the Kaiser-Permanente Women Twins Study (1989 to 1990) were included. Women ranged in age from 31 to 90 years, and included 59% monozygotic and 41% dizygotic twins. Heritabilities of WHR and waist circumference were estimated (range=0 to 1) using three different statistical methods. Linear regression models that adjusted for the lack of independence within twin pairs were used to assess associations between behavioral variables, WHR, and waist circumference. RESULTS: Age and body mass index-adjusted heritability estimates ranged from 0.36 to 0.61 for WHR and 0.72 to 0.82 for waist circumference. When considered individually, after adjusting for age and body mass index, all behavioral characteristics, except calorie-adjusted fat intake, were significantly (p<0. 10) associated with waist circumference and WHR. Greater central adiposity was associated with lower education, higher alcohol consumption, lower physical activity, current cigarette smoking, higher parity, and postmenopausal status without hormone replacement therapy. In multivariate models, these associations persisted, except neither educational attainment nor alcohol intake was significantly associated with waist circumference. In longitudinal analyses, both measures were positively associated with current or recent-past smoking; infrequent or inconsistent physical activity; and long-term, daily consumption of alcohol. DISCUSSION: These cross-sectional and longitudinal associations are consistent with genetic and behavioral predictors of waist circumference and WHR. Whereas the evidence for genetic influences is stronger for waist circumference, both body fat measures may be similarly influenced by the behavioral factors considered.
OBJECTIVES: This study examines genetic and behavioral determinants of waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference among women twins. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Six hundred eighty participants from the second examination of the Kaiser-Permanente Women Twins Study (1989 to 1990) were included. Women ranged in age from 31 to 90 years, and included 59% monozygotic and 41% dizygotic twins. Heritabilities of WHR and waist circumference were estimated (range=0 to 1) using three different statistical methods. Linear regression models that adjusted for the lack of independence within twin pairs were used to assess associations between behavioral variables, WHR, and waist circumference. RESULTS: Age and body mass index-adjusted heritability estimates ranged from 0.36 to 0.61 for WHR and 0.72 to 0.82 for waist circumference. When considered individually, after adjusting for age and body mass index, all behavioral characteristics, except calorie-adjusted fat intake, were significantly (p<0. 10) associated with waist circumference and WHR. Greater central adiposity was associated with lower education, higher alcohol consumption, lower physical activity, current cigarette smoking, higher parity, and postmenopausal status without hormone replacement therapy. In multivariate models, these associations persisted, except neither educational attainment nor alcohol intake was significantly associated with waist circumference. In longitudinal analyses, both measures were positively associated with current or recent-past smoking; infrequent or inconsistent physical activity; and long-term, daily consumption of alcohol. DISCUSSION: These cross-sectional and longitudinal associations are consistent with genetic and behavioral predictors of waist circumference and WHR. Whereas the evidence for genetic influences is stronger for waist circumference, both body fat measures may be similarly influenced by the behavioral factors considered.
Authors: Mengyuan Kan; Paul L Auer; Gao T Wang; Kristine L Bucasas; Stanley Hooker; Alejandra Rodriguez; Biao Li; Jaclyn Ellis; L Adrienne Cupples; Yii-Der Ida Chen; Josée Dupuis; Caroline S Fox; Myron D Gross; Joshua D Smith; Nancy Heard-Costa; James B Meigs; James S Pankow; Jerome I Rotter; David Siscovick; James G Wilson; Jay Shendure; Rebecca Jackson; Ulrike Peters; Hua Zhong; Danyu Lin; Li Hsu; Nora Franceschini; Chris Carlson; Goncalo Abecasis; Stacey Gabriel; Michael J Bamshad; David Altshuler; Deborah A Nickerson; Kari E North; Leslie A Lange; Alexander P Reiner; Suzanne M Leal Journal: Eur J Hum Genet Date: 2016-01-13 Impact factor: 4.246
Authors: Ching-Ti Liu; Martin L Buchkovich; Thomas W Winkler; Iris M Heid; Ingrid B Borecki; Caroline S Fox; Karen L Mohlke; Kari E North; L Adrienne Cupples Journal: Hum Mol Genet Date: 2014-04-23 Impact factor: 6.150
Authors: D Schleinitz; N Klöting; C M Lindgren; J Breitfeld; A Dietrich; M R Schön; T Lohmann; M Dreßler; M Stumvoll; M I McCarthy; M Blüher; P Kovacs Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2013-04-19 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: Cecilia M Lindgren; Iris M Heid; Joshua C Randall; Claudia Lamina; Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir; Lu Qi; Elizabeth K Speliotes; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Cristen J Willer; Blanca M Herrera; Anne U Jackson; Noha Lim; Paul Scheet; Nicole Soranzo; Najaf Amin; Yurii S Aulchenko; John C Chambers; Alexander Drong; Jian'an Luan; Helen N Lyon; Fernando Rivadeneira; Serena Sanna; Nicholas J Timpson; M Carola Zillikens; Jing Hua Zhao; Peter Almgren; Stefania Bandinelli; Amanda J Bennett; Richard N Bergman; Lori L Bonnycastle; Suzannah J Bumpstead; Stephen J Chanock; Lynn Cherkas; Peter Chines; Lachlan Coin; Cyrus Cooper; Gabriel Crawford; Angela Doering; Anna Dominiczak; Alex S F Doney; Shah Ebrahim; Paul Elliott; Michael R Erdos; Karol Estrada; Luigi Ferrucci; Guido Fischer; Nita G Forouhi; Christian Gieger; Harald Grallert; Christopher J Groves; Scott Grundy; Candace Guiducci; David Hadley; Anders Hamsten; Aki S Havulinna; Albert Hofman; Rolf Holle; John W Holloway; Thomas Illig; Bo Isomaa; Leonie C Jacobs; Karen Jameson; Pekka Jousilahti; Fredrik Karpe; Johanna Kuusisto; Jaana Laitinen; G Mark Lathrop; Debbie A Lawlor; Massimo Mangino; Wendy L McArdle; Thomas Meitinger; Mario A Morken; Andrew P Morris; Patricia Munroe; Narisu Narisu; Anna Nordström; Peter Nordström; Ben A Oostra; Colin N A Palmer; Felicity Payne; John F Peden; Inga Prokopenko; Frida Renström; Aimo Ruokonen; Veikko Salomaa; Manjinder S Sandhu; Laura J Scott; Angelo Scuteri; Kaisa Silander; Kijoung Song; Xin Yuan; Heather M Stringham; Amy J Swift; Tiinamaija Tuomi; Manuela Uda; Peter Vollenweider; Gerard Waeber; Chris Wallace; G Bragi Walters; Michael N Weedon; Jacqueline C M Witteman; Cuilin Zhang; Weihua Zhang; Mark J Caulfield; Francis S Collins; George Davey Smith; Ian N M Day; Paul W Franks; Andrew T Hattersley; Frank B Hu; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Augustine Kong; Jaspal S Kooner; Markku Laakso; Edward Lakatta; Vincent Mooser; Andrew D Morris; Leena Peltonen; Nilesh J Samani; Timothy D Spector; David P Strachan; Toshiko Tanaka; Jaakko Tuomilehto; André G Uitterlinden; Cornelia M van Duijn; Nicholas J Wareham; Dawn M Waterworth; Michael Boehnke; Panos Deloukas; Leif Groop; David J Hunter; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; David Schlessinger; H-Erich Wichmann; Timothy M Frayling; Gonçalo R Abecasis; Joel N Hirschhorn; Ruth J F Loos; Kari Stefansson; Karen L Mohlke; Inês Barroso; Mark I McCarthy Journal: PLoS Genet Date: 2009-06-26 Impact factor: 5.917