Utility of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of recurrent pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a case report.

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (PLAM) is a rare disease of undetermined cause that almost exclusively occurs in women of child-bearing age and is characterized by distinct clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings. PLAM is usually fatal unless treated with hormonal manipulation or lung transplantation. Primary diagnosis usually requires open lung biopsy to demonstrate the characteristic hamartomatous smooth muscle proliferation. To date, cytologic diagnosis of LAM has been limited to an ancillary role. Herein, we report the diagnosis of this neoplasm in a recurrence in an abdominal lymph node using fine-needle aspiration.