Learned industriousness: replication in principle.

Undergraduate students completed a series of training tasks consisting of solving anagrams, performing addition problems, and making perceptual discriminations, to validate findings of learned industriousness. The group that received high-effort training was given difficult and demanding tasks, whereas the group that received low-effort training was given easy tasks. Controls were given no preliminary training activity. For the criterion task, all participants were provided with a series of pencil and paper mazes to complete. They were allowed to "pass" on whatever mazes they wished (they could progress to the next maze but could not return to any that had been passed). Participants who had received high-effort training passed on significantly fewer mazes than did those in the control and low-effort conditions, thus supporting the generality of effects of reinforced high effort.