Sodium liquid ion exchanger microelectrode used to measure large extracellular sodium transients.

A new liquid membrane microelectrode has been developed that is easily fabricated and can measure fast sodium transients in the presence of potassium interference. It responds to a sudden change in sodium activity within 1 second. The electrode has been used to provide the first direct evidence of large sodium transients in the extracellular space of the brain of the catfish.