Expression and localization of members of the fibroblast growth factor family in the bovine mammary gland.

The goal of the study was to examine the expression and localization of members of the fibroblast growth factor family in the bovine mammary gland during different developmental and functional stages. Mammary tissue was obtained from German Brown Swiss cows (n = 23) during defined stages of mammogenesis (before and during pregnancy), lactogenesis, peak and late lactation, and involution. Extracted mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and RNase protection assay. The tissue content of fibroblast growth factor-1 and fibroblast growth factor-2 was determined by radioimmunoassay, and the localization of fibroblast growth factor-2 was determined by immunohistochemistry. The highest mRNA concentration for fibroblast growth factor-1, -2, and -7 and their receptors was detected in the glands of virgin heifers or primigravid heifers during involution; less abundant fibroblast growth factor mRNA was detected during lactogenesis and galactopoiesis. Tissue protein concentrations of fibroblast growth factor-1 and fibroblast growth factor-2 showed similar tendencies. Immunoreactive fibroblast growth factor-2 was observed during mammogenesis and involution in endothelial cells, ductal epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, and some alveolar cells. After positive staining, fibroblast growth factor-2 could only be observed in endothelial and myoepithelial cells during lactogenesis and could only be observed in myoepithelial cells during galactopoiesis. Expression, tissue concentration, and distinct localization suggest that fibroblast growth factors may be important in the local regulation of the bovine mammary gland.