Recursive MUSIC: a framework for EEG and MEG source localization.

The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm can be used to locate multiple asynchronous dipolar sources from electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. The algorithm scans a single-dipole model through a three-dimensional (3-D) head volume and computes projections onto an estimated signal subspace. To locate the sources, the user must search the head volume for multiple local peaks in the projection metric. This task is time consuming and subjective. Here, we describe an extension of this approach which we refer to as recursive MUSIC (R-MUSIC). This new procedure automatically extracts the locations of the sources through a recursive use of subspace projections. The new method is also able to locate synchronous sources through the use of a spatio-temporal independent topographies (IT) model. This model defines a source as one or more nonrotating dipoles with a single time course. Within this framework, we are able to locate fixed, rotating, and synchronous dipoles. The recursive subspace projection procedure that we introduce here uses the metric of canonical or subspace correlations as a multidimensional form of correlation analysis between the model subspace and the data subspace. By recursively computing subspace correlations, we build up a model for the sources which account for a given set of data. We demonstrate here how R-MUSIC can easily extract multiple asynchronous dipolar sources that are difficult to find using the original MUSIC scan. We then demonstrate R-MUSIC applied to the more general IT model and show results for combinations of fixed, rotating, and synchronous dipoles.