[Re-emergence of tuberculosis and socioeconomic uncertainty].

INTRODUCTION: Infectious diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality among socially deprived patients. In 1988-89 the secular decrease in tuberculosis stopped in France as in other industrial countries, and new emergence of the disease has been observed since then, especially among socially deprived patients. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS: Clinical characteristics of tuberculosis remain classical among these patients, but advanced, even historical forms of the disease, are often observed, with frequent extra-pulmonary localizations. Diagnostic and therapeutical procedures must be adapted to the patients' living conditions, including their education and social support. Directly observed therapy is rarely used in France, but the development of adequate strategies for effective primary care management with adapted cost/efficiency ratios in the respect of human rights is essential. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: Early tracking down of patients lost from follow-up and detailed evaluation of treatment results and social care remain priorities.