Effects of intravenous infusion of glucose and pancreatic glucagon on abomasal function in dairy cows.

Four cows of the Swedish red and white breed fitted with a cannula in the abomasum were used in 2 experiments. In experiment I glucose (4 mg/kg bw/min) was infused intravenously for 60 min after an initial control period, without infusion, of 60 min. The turnover time of abomasal fluid was calculated using Cobalt-EDTA as fluid marker. The frequency and amplitude of the abomasal pressure changes were registered during the experiment. The plasma level of insulin and glucose was also registered during the experiment. Due to the glucose infusion plasma glucose increased with about 4 mmol/l. The elevated plasma level of glucose induced a pronounced release of insulin. The turnover time of abomasal fluid increased from 15.7 +/- 1.2 to 27.8 +/- 3.5 min (p < 0.01) during the glucose infusion. The mean amplitude of the pressure changes showed a more than twofold increase (p < 0.05) during glucose infusion as compared with the control period but there was no difference in the frequency of the changes. In experiment II there was a similar experimental set-up with the exception that pancreatic glucagon (30 pg/kg bw/min) was infused instead of glucose. The glucagon infusion induced a release of endogenous glucose which in turn increased the plasma level with about 3 mmol/l. The plasma level of insulin rose to about the same extent as during the glucose infusion in experiment 1. The turnover time of abomasal fluid was delayed from 15.4 +/- 1.7 to 34.8 +/- 1.9 min (p < 0.001). There were no significant effects of the glucagon infusion on the frequency or the amplitude of the abomasal pressure changes. The results of the present study indicate a disturbed abomasal function in cattle with hyperglycaemia. It remains to be investigated if it is a direct effect of the hyperglycaemia or if it is secondary to the elevated insulin level.