Repetitive percutaneous transhepatic access for myocardial biopsy in pediatric cardiac transplant recipients.

Repetitive transhepatic access for myocardial biopsy in two pediatric cardiac transplant patients is described. Both have documented occlusion of the traditional percutaneous venous sites. Biopsy via the transhepatic route was performed in one patient 11 times and the second patient five times without any complications. The transhepatic approach can be safely used repetitively in pediatric transplant recipients when traditional venous access is not available.