Three-dimensional fetal echocardiography.

The complex anatomy and dynamics of the heart make it a challenging organ to image. The fetal heart is particularly difficult because it is located deep within the mother's abdomen and direct access to electrocardiographic information is difficult. Thus more complex imaging and analysis methods are necessary to obtain information regarding fetal cardiac anatomy and function. This information can be used for medical diagnosis, model development and theoretical validation. The objective of this article is to provide scientists and engineers with an overview of three-dimensional fetal echocardiography.