Clinical pathways for family-oriented developmental care in the intensive care nursery.

The physiologic and neurodevelopmental benefits of developmentally sensitive nursing care for high-risk infants have been well documented. The remaining challenge is to find ways to introduce developmental care principles into busy intensive care nurseries. The article discusses the development of three clinical pathways designed around five areas for developmental intervention: environmental organization, structuring of nursing care, feeding, family involvement, and family education. Each pathway incorporated developmental principles appropriate for a different level of care; the level III pathway was designed for acutely ill or very premature infants, the level II pathway for infants recovering from acute illness or older premature infants, and the level I pathway for full-term infants. Introduction of the developmental care pathways had an immediate positive impact in the tertiary level intensive care nursery at Allegheny General Hospital.