Action potential and sodium current in the slowly and rapidly adapting stretch receptor neurons of the crayfish (Astacus astacus).

Action potentials (APs) and sodium current from the slowly and the rapidly adapting stretch receptor neurons in the crayfish (Astacus astacus) were recorded with a two microelectrode voltage- and current-clamp technique. In the rapidly adapting neuron the APs had a duration of 3.2 +/- 0.2 ms (means +/- SE) and an amplitude of 55.2 +/- 1.5 mV. In the slowly adapting receptor neuron APs had a duration of 4.1 +/- 0.2 ms and an amplitude 79.9 +/- 2.0 mV. APs in the rapidly adapting neuron had a larger amplitude if they were recorded from the axon. In the rapidly adapting neuron adaptation of the impulse response was prolonged by hyperpolarization or by exposure to scorpion venom. Also, sinusoidal current stimulation added to the current steps prevented impulse adaptation. Block of the potassium currents in the slowly adapting neuron resulted in a rapid adaptation of the impulse response. The maximum sodium current amplitude was 313 +/- 15 nA in slowly adapting neuron and 267 +/- 11 nA in the rapidly adapting neuron. The current-voltage relationship showed a hump most marked in the slowly adapting neuron and abolished when a depolarizing prepulse was given. In the rapidly adapting neuron the inactivation starts at a more negative potential (Eh = -45 mV) and is faster compared with the slowly adapting neuron (Eh = -41 mV). The crude scorpion venom of Leiurus quinquestriatus (ScVLq) shifted hinfinity curve toward more positive potentials and slowed down the rate of inactivation. The results indicate the possible presence of more than one Na+ channel population and that the relative density and the spatial distribution is different in the slowly and rapidly adapting neuron. The difference contributes to the adaptive properties of the two receptor neurons.