A decrement-to-familiarity interpretation of the revelation effect from forced-choice tests of recognition memory.

In the revelation effect, the probability of labeling a target or a lure as "old" on item recognition tests increases if just prior to their recognition judgment, participants first identify a disguised version of the test item. The same occurs with interpolated tasks that occur just prior to a recognition judgment if the task shares constituents with the test items. One explanation of this test bias is an increased feeling of familiarity that comes from the identification stage preceding the recognition judgment (e.g., D. C. LeCompte, 1995; C. R. Lou, 1993). This study's finding in 4 experiments that 2-alternative forced-choice recognition either yields no effects of revelation or an "antirevelation" effect, even when both items were studied or nonstudied, is incongruent with this explanation. The authors argue that revelation decrements familiarity, and this results in a more liberal criterion shift. They also argue that their theory is more consistent with previous empirical data.