The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 regulates integrin-mediated adhesion of macrophages.

The Src homology 2 domain phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is a tyrosine phosphatase containing two amino-terminal SH2 domains and is expressed primarily by hematopoietic-derived cells [1]. The viable motheaten (Hcphme-v) mutant mice (mev) suffer from progressive inflammation due to a deficiency of SHP-1 enzyme activity [2,3] and die at 3-4 months of age from macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the lung [4]. The mechanism by which SHP-1 deficiency leads to inflammation is unknown. We found that macrophages from mev mice adhered and spread to a greater extent than normal macrophages through alpha m beta 2 integrin-mediated contacts. Whereas macrophages deficient in the transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase CD45 (CD45-/-) spontaneously detached from alpha m beta 2 integrin contacts [5], cells deficient in both CD45 and SHP-1 did not. In SHP-1 deficient macrophages there was a 10-15-fold increase in D-3 phospholipid products of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. Concomitantly, there was a 2-5-fold increase in membrane-associated PI 3-kinase activity in mev macrophages relative to normal macrophages. Treatment of macrophages with the PI 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin or LY294002 resulted in a dramatic detachment of cells, indicating that PI 3-kinase activity is required for adhesion. These data demonstrate that SHP-1 is necessary for detachment from alpha m beta 2 integrin-mediated contacts in primary macrophages and suggest that a defect in this pathway may contribute to inflammatory disease.