Chronic mandibular dislocation: the role of non-surgical and surgical treatment.

Although the management of acute dislocations of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has not changed significantly in recent years, chronic dislocations continue to be treated by a variety of methods. Long-standing cases are the most difficult and frustrating to manage. This paper reports on four cases demonstrating the signs and symptoms associated with some forms of chronic. TMJ dislocations, and the difficulties encountered in the management of some of these conditions. An algorithm based on a critical review of the literature is proposed for the management of both acute and chronic TMJ conditions, and recommendations are made on how to eliminate or reduce their recurrence.