Cancer-associated expression of glycolipid sulfotransferase gene in human renal cell carcinoma cells.

Human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissue and a cell line derived therefrom, SMKT-R3, showed markedly increased glycolipid sulfotransferase [cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST); EC 2.8.2.11] activity and accumulated sulfoglycolipids. Recently, we cloned a human CST cDNA from a SMKT-R3 cDNA library (K. Honke et al., J. Biol. Chem., 272: 4864-4868, 1997). In this study, we investigated the expression of the CST gene in seven human RCC lines (SMKT-R1, SMKT-R2, SMKT-R3, SMKT-R4, TOS-1, TOS-2, and ACHN) and their normal counterpart, human renal proximal tubular cells. On Northern blot analysis, a marked increase of CST mRNA was observed in every RCC line, except for ACHN, as compared with normal cells. ACHN cells showed a slightly increased level of CST mRNA. CST activity was correlated with the amount of mRNA. Sulfoglycolipid analysis revealed that expression of lactosylceramide sulfate was correlated with the CST level. Furthermore, we examined the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and genistein, which are known to regulate CST activity in SMKT-R3 cells, on CST-gene expression in various RCC cells. On treatment with EGF, CST mRNA time-dependently increased in accord with its activity in SMKT-R3 cells. Yet, augmentation by EGF was only observed in SMKT-R3. In contrast, a reduction of CST mRNA and activity by tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and genistein was observed in all of the lines examined. Taken together, these findings indicate that in human RCC cells, the CST gene is generally overexpressed via a signaling pathway involving protein kinase-C and tyrosine kinases.