Nocardial brain abscess in a renal transplant recipient successfully treated with triple antimicrobials.

Nocardia is a serious opportunistic infection in renal transplant recipients and nocardial brain abscess in these patients has a high mortality. In addition to antimicrobial therapy, treatment usually involves craniotomy and excision of the abscess. We describe a renal transplant recipient maintained on cyclosporine and prednisone developing Nocardia Asteroides brain abscess. After stereotactic aspiration of the abscess, successful treatment was achieved by triple therapy with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), ceftriaxone and amikacin. The allograft function remained stable. Long-term prophylaxis with TMP/SMX is necessary to prevent the relapse of nocardia.