Infected renal artery pseudoaneurysm and mycotic aortic aneurysm after percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty and stent placement in a patient with a solitary kidney.

Endovascular infections after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stenting (PTRAS) are rarely reported. Because strict longitudinal follow-up of patients undergoing PTRAS is lacking, the true incidence of such complications remains obscure. We report the first case of a patient with an infected renal artery pseudoaneurysm and de novo mycotic aortic aneurysm after PTRAS. This case serves to illustrate several important points, including (1) the retrieval of renal function in patients with renal artery occlusion, (2) the pathogenesis of infection after PTRAS, (3) the diagnosis and management of endovascular infection after percutaneous vascular intervention, and (4) recommendations for periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis during PTRAS.