Laparoscopic fundoplication.

Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux in children has been identified with increasing frequency over the last two decades. Agreement regarding the elements of a complete diagnostic work-up and the timing and specific surgical procedures for treating reflux has been difficult to achieve. Laparoscopic fundoplication is a routine procedure in some pediatric surgery centers. This surgical technique has the potential to reduce the pain and morbidity associated with open fundoplication. The outcomes after laparoscopic fundoplication have been equivalent to open fundoplication and are associated with faster recovery. Consensus regarding when to perform a partial fundoplication as compared to a complete fundoplication in addition to the appropriateness of gastric outlet procedures has not been achieved.