Orthodontics and the temporomandibular joint: where are we now? Part 2. Functional occlusion, malocclusion, and TMD.

In this second of two articles, the role of occlusion and malocclusion is assessed with respect to orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Some have suggested that malocclusion may cause TMD, or that by introducing a form of malocclusion, orthodontic treatment could be iatrogenic. Pertinent evidence relating to these issues will be assessed.