J A March1, J L Farrow, L H Brown, K A Dunn, P K Perkins. 1. Pitt County Memorial Hospital, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The widespread use of orotracheal intubation with rapid-sequence induction has made it difficult for emergency medical services (EMS) professionals to gain experience in nasotracheal intubation (NTI) in a controlled and supervised setting. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a training session on NTI with a breathing manikin can be used to improve the self-assessed skill level and comfort of EMS professionals. METHODS: A prospective trial was conducted with a convenience sample of 33 EMS professionals, previously trained in NTI techniques. For the training session, a Laerdal airway manikin was modified by replacing the lungs with self-inflating resuscitation bag. The bag could then be squeezed to simulate breathing, with an inspiratory and expiratory phase. Following didactic instruction, and with direct supervision, each participant practiced NTI using this breathing manikin. Each participant completed a questionnaire, both before and after the training session, to determine self-assessed comfort and skill level for both oral and nasal intubations (0 = lowest, 10 = highest). The pre- and postintervention scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, alpha = 0.01. RESULTS: Following the training session, the comfort level for NTI by the participants increased significantly from a median value of 2 to 7 (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the self-assessed skill level for NTI following the training session increased significantly from a median value of 4 to 8 (p = 0.0001). As expected, there were no significant differences noted in self-assessed skill level for orotracheal intubation following the training session. However, there was statistically significant improvement in self-assessed comfort levels for orotracheal intubation after the skills laboratory, p = 0.0001. CONCLUSION: For EMS professionals, a training session for NTI using a relatively inexpensive and easily assembled breathing manikin model increases both comfort and self-assessed skill level.
OBJECTIVE: The widespread use of orotracheal intubation with rapid-sequence induction has made it difficult for emergency medical services (EMS) professionals to gain experience in nasotracheal intubation (NTI) in a controlled and supervised setting. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a training session on NTI with a breathing manikin can be used to improve the self-assessed skill level and comfort of EMS professionals. METHODS: A prospective trial was conducted with a convenience sample of 33 EMS professionals, previously trained in NTI techniques. For the training session, a Laerdal airway manikin was modified by replacing the lungs with self-inflating resuscitation bag. The bag could then be squeezed to simulate breathing, with an inspiratory and expiratory phase. Following didactic instruction, and with direct supervision, each participant practiced NTI using this breathing manikin. Each participant completed a questionnaire, both before and after the training session, to determine self-assessed comfort and skill level for both oral and nasal intubations (0 = lowest, 10 = highest). The pre- and postintervention scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, alpha = 0.01. RESULTS: Following the training session, the comfort level for NTI by the participants increased significantly from a median value of 2 to 7 (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the self-assessed skill level for NTI following the training session increased significantly from a median value of 4 to 8 (p = 0.0001). As expected, there were no significant differences noted in self-assessed skill level for orotracheal intubation following the training session. However, there was statistically significant improvement in self-assessed comfort levels for orotracheal intubation after the skills laboratory, p = 0.0001. CONCLUSION: For EMS professionals, a training session for NTI using a relatively inexpensive and easily assembled breathing manikin model increases both comfort and self-assessed skill level.