F P Paulsen1, B N Tillmann. 1. Department of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany. fpaulsen@anat.uni-kiel.de
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Changes in the human voice occur during the natural aging process. Occurrence of compromising alterations in the cricoarytenoid joint has been hypothesized as a possible reason for voice changes seen in advanced age and has been discussed controversially until today. METHODS: The present study analyzes degenerative changes in 42 cricoarytenoid joints from 21 body donors (13 men and 8 women; age range, 42-98 years) by means of histological, immunohistochemical, and scanning electron microscopic methods. RESULTS: Many patients older than 40 years show distinctly altered joint surfaces at varying levels of intensity. The articular cartilage surface is fibrillated in some places. Chondrocytes near the joint surface appear as voluminous chondrocyte clusters. The superficial cartilage layer shows a positive reaction to type III and type I collagen antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Chondrocyte proliferation next to the joint surface, changed collagen synthesis, and fibrillation of the joint surface indicate degenerative alterations. Such changes are well known in cases of limb diarthroses. The changes may impair gross positional or postural movements of the arytenoid cartilages and reduce the degree and extent of vocal ligament closure. The structural changes may also lead to negative functional consequences during vocal production, such as impaired vocal quality and reduced vocal intensity due to air leakage through incompletely or loosely approximated vocal ligaments.
OBJECTIVE: Changes in the human voice occur during the natural aging process. Occurrence of compromising alterations in the cricoarytenoid joint has been hypothesized as a possible reason for voice changes seen in advanced age and has been discussed controversially until today. METHODS: The present study analyzes degenerative changes in 42 cricoarytenoid joints from 21 body donors (13 men and 8 women; age range, 42-98 years) by means of histological, immunohistochemical, and scanning electron microscopic methods. RESULTS: Many patients older than 40 years show distinctly altered joint surfaces at varying levels of intensity. The articular cartilage surface is fibrillated in some places. Chondrocytes near the joint surface appear as voluminous chondrocyte clusters. The superficial cartilage layer shows a positive reaction to type III and type I collagen antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Chondrocyte proliferation next to the joint surface, changed collagen synthesis, and fibrillation of the joint surface indicate degenerative alterations. Such changes are well known in cases of limb diarthroses. The changes may impair gross positional or postural movements of the arytenoid cartilages and reduce the degree and extent of vocal ligament closure. The structural changes may also lead to negative functional consequences during vocal production, such as impaired vocal quality and reduced vocal intensity due to air leakage through incompletely or loosely approximated vocal ligaments.