Simultaneous visualization of the yellow and green forms of the green fluorescent protein in living cells.

In this study we sought to develop a method for the co-localization of proteins in living cells utilizing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and a red-shifted EGFP variant, EYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein). EYFP was expressed as an unsubstituted molecule while EGFP was fused to NF1 (EGFP-NF1), a transcription factor found exclusively in the nucleus. The Leica TCS SP laser scanning confocal microscope was used. This microscope allows the user to monitor the emitted light at defined wavelengths owing to the presence of a monochrometer in the emission light path. pEGFP-NF1 and pEYFP were co-expressed in the same cell and excited with the 476-nm and 488-nm argon laser lines. To separate the EYFP and EGFP fluorescence, EGFP-NF1 emission was recorded between 496 and 505 nm. These wavelengths are on the left shoulder of the EGFP emission peak and exclude most of the EYFP fluorescence. The EYFP emission was followed between 670 and 754 nm, utilizing the tail of EYFP emission that extends well beyond that for EGFP. Under these conditions we obtained excellent discrimination between EYFP fluorescence and EGFP-NF1 emission. These observations demonstrate that EYFP- and EGFP-substituted chimeras can be used for simultaneous detection in living cells.