Separate cerebellar areas for motor control.

Cerebellar activation was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging, while seven normal subjects tapped their fingers paced by tone sequences with or without tone omission. The cerebellar anterior lobe (Larsell's H IV-V) ipsilateral to the movement was activated to a similar degree irrespective of the presence or absence of the tone omission. In contrast, the lateral part of the bilateral posterior lobe (H VIIa) was significantly highly activated for the tone sequence with random omission, compared with either that without omission or that with regular omission. The result suggests that the H IV-V is involved in motor execution, while the lateral part of H VIIa is involved in on-line motor adjustment to unpredictable sensory stimuli.