The use of methylphenidate in paediatric traumatic brain injury.

Methylphenidate (MPH) has been used safely and effectively for many years in children for the treatment of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). Behavioural and cognitive sequelae to traumatic brain injury (TBI) have features in common with ADHD, and MPH has been reported to be an effective treatment in adults with TBI. There is little literature documenting the efficacy of MPH in children with TBI. A chart review of 10 children who had sustained TBI and were subsequently treated with MPH was performed. Nine of the cases resulted from motor-vehicle accidents, and one from a fall. The severity of TBI ranged from mild to severe. In eight of the cases, MPH was used for cognitive and behavioural problems, and in two cases it was used to stimulate minimally responsive patients. The introduction of MPH improved cognitive function, behaviour and arousal as measured by parental and teacher reports, evaluation by in-/outpatient rehabilitation team, and/or neuropsychometric testing. MPH appears to be an effective treatment for post-TBI cognitive and behavioural sequelae in children, as well as improving arousal in the minimally responsive brain-injured child. Further prospective research is necessary to clarify the role of MPH in children with TBI.