Increased lung inflation induces gene expression after pneumonectomy.

Rapid hyperplastic growth of the remaining lung is initiated by partial pneumonectomy in many mammalian species. The response restores normal tissue structure and function. Although physiological control of compensatory lung growth is documented, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the process. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mechanical signals in the induction of immediate-early gene (IEG) expression after pneumonectomy. Expression of c-fos and junB increased nine- and fourfold, respectively, in the right lung within 30 min after left pneumonectomy in rats. In contrast, changes in expression of c-jun and c-myc were not observed. When isolated lungs were subjected to elevated airway pressures in vitro, expression of c-fos and junB was induced in a time- and dose-dependent manner similar to that observed in vivo. Similarly, in vitro lung perfusion induced c-fos and junB expression in the absence of increasing lung inflation. These results support the premise that rapid changes in IEG expression after pneumonectomy are initiated by mechanical signaling in the remaining lung. Elevated IEG expression may contribute to initiation of compensatory lung growth.