Dynamic assessment of shoulder and patellofemoral pathology using limited-volume gas arthroscopy.

Subtle instability problems of the glenohumeral joint and patellofemoral joint are difficult to assess and accurately diagnose with current methods of preoperative imaging and physical examination. A simple technique is described that provides objective information for diagnosing dynamic problems of the shoulder and patellofemoral joint. Limited-volume gas arthroscopy avoids many of the potential risks and complications of pressure-based gas arthroscopy. In addition to assessing joint dynamics, it allows for initial arthroscopic inspection of joints during open surgical cases, eliminating the additional morbidity and expense of fluid arthroscopy. Objective intraoperative assessments of completed reconstructions can also be made to insure that stabilizing procedures are adequate but not overzealous. The technique requires no special equipment, adds little time to an arthroscopic procedure, and requires only basic arthroscopic skills.