Morphology of holes in aponeuroses as caused by perforating nerves or vessels at the medial epicondyle of the elbow.

In the present paper the morphology of holes in aponeuroses of origin of muscles is generally modelled. These holes result from perforations of the aponeuroses by nerves or vessels, or from joints which are crossed by the line of origin of the aponeurosis. The concept of aponeurotic holes as morphological entities comprehensively explains frequent small-scale anatomic variations in muscles, such as muscles with multiple separate origins in parallel. It also contributes to a better understanding of nerve compressions and their surgical treatment. The model is illustrated by dissection results of the aponeuroses at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, which are typically perforated by the n. medianus, the a. brachialis, and the n. ulnaris.