Fine needle aspiration versus open biopsy for testicular sperm recovery: a controlled study in azoospermic patients with normal spermatogenesis.

This retrospective controlled study aimed at comparing two techniques for recovering testicular spermatozoa in azoospermic patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). 102 men suffering from infertility because of obstructive azoospermia had ICSI using testicular spermatozoa recovered either by open excisional biopsy (n = 51), or by fine needle aspiration (FNA) (n = 51). A higher average number of spermatozoa were recovered after open biopsy than after FNA, but no significant differences in either fertilization rates or cleavage rates were observed after ICSI with spermatozoa retrieved by the two techniques. Neither was there any significant difference in ongoing pregnancy and implantation rates: in the FNA group, these figures were respectively 19.6% per cycle and 7.8% per embryo transferred and in the open biopsy group 21.6 and 7.1%. We conclude that ICSI with testicular spermatozoa recovered by FNA yields results comparable to those obtained with spermatozoa recovered by open biopsy in azoospermic patients with normal spermatogenesis. However a prospective study is needed to confirm the present results and to assess recovery rates and patient comfort for the two methods.