Systemic action of human growth hormone following adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to rat submandibular glands.

We have previously suggested that although salivary glands function in an exocrine manner they might none the less offer a useful way to deliver therapeutic proteins systemically. As a direct functional test of this hypothesis, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus (AdCMVhGH) encoding human growth hormone (hGH) and then studied the biological action of hGH produced following transfer of the hGH gene to rat submandibular glands. At 48 h following infusion of AdCMVhGH into these glands via cannulation of the main excretory duct, serum levels of hGH were approximately 16 ng/ml and rat insulin-like growth factor-1 was elevated approximately 25%. Moreover, serum chemistry profiles of rats subjected to in vivo gene transfer displayed alterations in the BUN:creatinine ratio and triglyceride levels presumably reflecting the anabolic actions of the hGH. These results provide the first demonstration of systemic biological action from a transgene product secreted in an endocrine fashion from the salivary glands.