Examining self-justifications for unsafe sex as a technique of AIDS education: the importance of personal relevance.

In an earlier study, we found that sexual risk-taking in gay men was reduced by getting them to evaluate the self-justifications for having unsafe sex which they had used on a specific occasion when they 'slipped up' (broke their safe sex rules by having unprotected anal intercourse). This study investigated whether the earlier finding occurred simply because recalling vividly a specific encounter in which a slip-up took place brought the men's risk-taking home to them very strongly and whether the intervention would still work if translated into posters suitable for the mass media. Gay men (n=92) who had slipped up kept diaries of their sexual behaviour for 16 weeks. After 4 weeks, they were allocated to one of 3 conditions: Specific Encounter (detailed reconstruction of a slip-up, but without any questions about self-justifications); Posters (examination of posters, specially designed for the study, that focused on self-justifications); and Control (no intervention). All 3 groups slipped up to the same extent in the post-intervention period. The results for the Specific Encounter group indicate that the earlier finding is not attributable to the alternative explanation above, while those for the Posters group suggest the importance of ensuring personal 'ownership' of the self-justifications presented. Implications for AIDS education are discussed.