"Full recovery" from schizophrenia in the long term: a ten-year follow-up of eight former schizophrenic patients.

The present study reports longitudinal data on individuals who ten years ago were fully recovered from a previously diagnosed schizophrenia. Seven out of ten subjects consented and were reexamined at the present follow-up, and data on an eighth subject was secured elsewhere. A semistructured interview was used to examine psychosocial functioning of the subjects in the follow-up period. Out of the six subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia, only three subjects were still fully recovered; one had a deteriorating course and two had a fluctuating course of illness. The results from the study indicate that recovery from schizophrenia may take the form of time-limited remissions for half of the reexamined subjects when strict criteria for full recovery are used. Protective factors such as willpower, a (partly) intact capacity for object attachment, and a supportive family may be important prerequisites for recovery. Two different courses of schizophrenia are illustrated by cases.