Treatment of adolescent depression: frequency of services and impact on functioning in young adulthood.

In this report, we (a) present descriptive information about the extent and the kinds of treatments being provided to depressed adolescents; (b) identify the factors that are related to treatment utilization; and (c) examine whether the provision of treatment during adolescence reduced the risk for the occurrence of depression during young adulthood (19-24 years). The sample consisted of 1,507 randomly selected high school students who were diagnostically assessed on two occasions with an interval of approximately one year; 627 were assessed a third time when they reached the age of 24. The findings may be summarized as follows: 60.7% of those with major depressive disorder were provided with treatment. The modal treatment was outpatient, individual psychotherapy administered by a mental health provider. Inpatient treatment and medications were rare. Factors found to be related to treatment utilization were the severity of the depression, the existence of a comorbid nonaffective disorder, the number of previous episodes of depression, history of suicide attempt, academic problems, lack of intact family, and female gender. Unexpectedly, those who had received treatment were not less likely to relapse into another episode of depression during young adulthood.