OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to validate, in a case-control study, the reporting by lung cancer cases and controls of their own lifetime smoking habits and of the smoking habit of the spouse. METHODS: In a multicenter (Sweden, Spain, Italy) case-control study of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and lung cancer, subjects were screened by repeated probing to exclude regular smokers of one cigarette/day or more for one year or more, and to quantify any occasional smoking. We then performed a short validation interview with next-of-kin in three centers. RESULTS: Only five of 408 index subjects who had never smoked regularly (1.7 percent) were reported by next-of-kin to be former regular smokers. These subjects had a cumulative lifetime consumption of cigarettes below 1.1 pack years. Among 351 subjects with quantitative smoking information from both sources who reported ever smoking 400 cigarettes or less (the definition of never-smoker used in the multicenter ETS study), nine subjects (2.6 percent) had smoked more than this amount occasionally according to next-of-kin. Misclassification was not higher for cases than controls. Relative risks for lung cancer associated with indicators of ETS exposure were not substantially altered by excluding the nine possibly misclassified subjects. The reports from 223 pairs of index subjects and next-of kin regarding the cumulative amount smoked by the spouse agreed quite well (Spearman's rank correlation 0.75 for reported smokers, 0.92 for all subjects). Only one index subject failed to report a spouse who had smoked regularly (99 percent sensitivity). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking status and exposure to spousal ETS as reported by lung cancer cases and controls agreed strongly with reports by next-of-kin. Overall, our results suggest that bias from smoker misclassification is likely to be insignificant, and they contribute to the evidence linking exposure to ETS with an increased risk of lung cancer.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to validate, in a case-control study, the reporting by lung cancer cases and controls of their own lifetime smoking habits and of the smoking habit of the spouse. METHODS: In a multicenter (Sweden, Spain, Italy) case-control study of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and lung cancer, subjects were screened by repeated probing to exclude regular smokers of one cigarette/day or more for one year or more, and to quantify any occasional smoking. We then performed a short validation interview with next-of-kin in three centers. RESULTS: Only five of 408 index subjects who had never smoked regularly (1.7 percent) were reported by next-of-kin to be former regular smokers. These subjects had a cumulative lifetime consumption of cigarettes below 1.1 pack years. Among 351 subjects with quantitative smoking information from both sources who reported ever smoking 400 cigarettes or less (the definition of never-smoker used in the multicenter ETS study), nine subjects (2.6 percent) had smoked more than this amount occasionally according to next-of-kin. Misclassification was not higher for cases than controls. Relative risks for lung cancer associated with indicators of ETS exposure were not substantially altered by excluding the nine possibly misclassified subjects. The reports from 223 pairs of index subjects and next-of kin regarding the cumulative amount smoked by the spouse agreed quite well (Spearman's rank correlation 0.75 for reported smokers, 0.92 for all subjects). Only one index subject failed to report a spouse who had smoked regularly (99 percent sensitivity). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking status and exposure to spousal ETS as reported by lung cancer cases and controls agreed strongly with reports by next-of-kin. Overall, our results suggest that bias from smoker misclassification is likely to be insignificant, and they contribute to the evidence linking exposure to ETS with an increased risk of lung cancer.
Authors: Paul Kwon; Jessica Lundin; Wenjin Li; Roberta Ray; Christopher Littell; Daoli Gao; David B Thomas; Harvey Checkoway Journal: J Occup Environ Hyg Date: 2015 Impact factor: 2.155
Authors: Claire H Kim; Yuan-Chin Amy Lee; Rayjean J Hung; Sheila R McNallan; Michele L Cote; Wei-Yen Lim; Shen-Chih Chang; Jin Hee Kim; Donatella Ugolini; Ying Chen; Triantafillos Liloglou; Angeline S Andrew; Tracy Onega; Eric J Duell; John K Field; Philip Lazarus; Loic Le Marchand; Monica Neri; Paolo Vineis; Chikako Kiyohara; Yun-Chul Hong; Hal Morgenstern; Keitaro Matsuo; Kazuo Tajima; David C Christiani; John R McLaughlin; Vladimir Bencko; Ivana Holcatova; Paolo Boffetta; Paul Brennan; Eleonora Fabianova; Lenka Foretova; Vladimir Janout; Jolanta Lissowska; Dana Mates; Peter Rudnai; Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska; Anush Mukeria; David Zaridze; Adeline Seow; Ann G Schwartz; Ping Yang; Zuo-Feng Zhang Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2014-03-25 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Gordon Fehringer; Darren R Brenner; Zuo-Feng Zhang; Yuan-Chin Amy Lee; Keitaro Matsuo; Hidemi Ito; Qing Lan; Paolo Vineis; Mattias Johansson; Kim Overvad; Elio Riboli; Antonia Trichopoulou; Carlotta Sacerdote; Isabelle Stucker; Paolo Boffetta; Paul Brennan; David C Christiani; Yun-Chul Hong; Maria Teresa Landi; Hal Morgenstern; Ann G Schwartz; Angela S Wenzlaff; Gad Rennert; John R McLaughlin; Curtis C Harris; Susan Olivo-Marston; Irene Orlow; Bernard J Park; Marjorie Zauderer; Juan M Barros Dios; Alberto Ruano Raviña; Jack Siemiatycki; Anita Koushik; Philip Lazarus; Ana Fernández-Somoano; Adonina Tardon; Loic Le Marchand; Hermann Brenner; Kai-Uwe Saum; Eric J Duell; Angeline S Andrew; Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska; Jolanta Lissowska; David Zaridze; Peter Rudnai; Eleonora Fabianova; Dana Mates; Lenka Foretova; Vladimir Janout; Vladimir Bencko; Ivana Holcatova; Angela Cecilia Pesatori; Dario Consonni; Ann Olsson; Kurt Straif; Rayjean J Hung Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2017-02-27 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Heather A Wakelee; Ellen T Chang; Scarlett L Gomez; Theresa H Keegan; Diane Feskanich; Christina A Clarke; Lars Holmberg; Lee C Yong; Laurence N Kolonel; Michael K Gould; Dee W West Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2007-02-10 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Christelle Clément-Duchêne; Shannon Stock; Xiangyan Xu; Ellen T Chang; Scarlett Lin Gomez; Dee W West; Heather A Wakelee; Michael K Gould Journal: Ann Am Thorac Soc Date: 2016-01
Authors: Yuan-Chin Amy Lee; Paolo Boffetta; Erich M Sturgis; Qingyi Wei; Zuo-Feng Zhang; Joshua Muscat; Philip Lazarus; Elena Matos; Richard B Hayes; Deborah M Winn; David Zaridze; Victor Wünsch-Filho; Jose Eluf-Neto; Sergio Koifman; Dana Mates; Maria Paula Curado; Ana Menezes; Leticia Fernandez; Alexander W Daudt; Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska; Eleonora Fabianova; Peter Rudnai; Gilles Ferro; Julien Berthiller; Paul Brennan; Mia Hashibe Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2008-08 Impact factor: 4.254