Optical imaging of intrinsic signals in chinchilla auditory cortex.

We have assessed sound frequency and intensity responses in primary auditory cortex of the (ketamine) anesthetized chinchilla using optical imaging of intrinsic signals. Temporal cortex was exposed via a 10-mm craniotomy and a windowed chamber was mounted. A 4-second period of gated tones (10 ms rise/fall; 50 ms plateau; 10/s) was presented to the contralateral ear at levels between 0 and 80 dB SPL. The cortical surface was illuminated with 540 nm light and video images captured in 0.5-second bins for 7.5 s (Imager 2001; Optical Imaging). Intrinsic signals were first apparent 0.5-1 s after stimulus onset, and were maximal after 3-4 s; they decayed over several seconds. The cortical area in which intrinsic activity was detected corresponded closely with electrophysiologically defined AI cortex. Intrinsic signals can reliably be detected to stimuli at 30-40 dB SPL, and in general, the area of intrinsic signal activity tends to expand with increasing stimulation level. Using stimulation levels of 80 dB SPL, we show that low-frequency stimuli (0.5-1 kHz) evoke intrinsic signals in anterior areas whilst posterior areas are activated by high-frequency stimuli (e.g. 16 kHz). Thus a low- to high-frequency tonotopic organization is seen along this axis.