Treatment of the adverse effects of contrast media.

Although low-osmolar contrast media are relatively safe, a moderate non-life-threatening reaction requiring some treatment does occur in 0.2-0.4% of patients. A severe life-threatening reaction can be expected in 0.04% of patients. Prompt recognition and treatment are invaluable in blunting the adverse response of a patient to radiographic contrast material and may prevent the reaction from becoming severe or even life-threatening. Radiologists and their staff should review treatment protocols regularly so that each can play his/her role efficiently. Knowledge, training, and preparation are crucial for guaranteeing appropriate and effective therapy in the event of an adverse contrast-related event. On the basis of a review of the literature, we suggest a treatment protocol.